Are you on an 'exchange-only' broadband line?

Last updated: 03 July 2022   By Neil Hawkins

Exchange-only broadband lines leave households with incredibly slow download speeds.

Some homes are connected directly to an exchange rather than to a street cabinet, meaning their broadband speeds are limited.

This means these homes are unable to access the faster broadband speeds enjoyed by most of the country.

Customers on exchange-only lines (EOLs) may see a cabinet installed to improve the situation, but others may want to switch to a full fibre provider if available, or even mobile broadband as an alternative.

bt openreach
Credit: Ceri Breeze/Shutterstock.com

What is an 'exchange-only' household?

An exchange-only household has a phone line that connects directly to the local telephone exchange rather than via one of BT's green street cabinets.

Why are some households exchange-only?

There are a variety of reasons why a property is on an EOL.

The most common properties stuck with exchange-only are:

  • Properties that are situated very close (< 500m) to the exchange
  • New build properties, which can mean dozens of households if part of a large development

Properties near exchanges get left out of Openreach's fibre upgrades because they're connected straight to the exchange rather than via clusters, or 'green boxes'.

This makes it uneconomical for Openreach to include the unlucky households in their improvement schemes.

While some lines are being upgraded anyway, albeit later than their neighbours, many are currently left out of plans.

How many households have exchange-only broadband?

Openreach haven't provided up-to-date figures on EOLs for a while now.

Back in 2019, the figure was around 5%, yet we know that Openreach have been installing cabinets outside some exchanges to deal with this issue.

However, without accurate data, it's difficult to know how many properties in the UK currently struggle with this issue.

It's true that some places are more likely than others to suffer from exchange-only.

Rural areas, as usual, often get the short end of the stick. Scotland also has more than its fair share. More surprisingly, the City of London is also notorious for EOLs.


What impact does having an exchange-only line have on my broadband connection?

The main impact is on speed and upgradability.

Exchange-only lines often receive download speeds of less than 5Mb. Some lines even hover around 1-2Mb.

People with lines close to the exchange will have reasonably fast ADSL2+ connections - around 15-20Mb - which may soften the blow for some but will be seen as increasingly unreasonable for many.

The problem with exchange-only properties is that they cannot upgrade to fibre-to-the-cabinet (FTTC) broadband because they miss out the cabinet. They may be able to upgrade to fibre-to-the-premises (FTTP, see below), but it's not guaranteed.

Does it matter?

Increasingly, yes - especially for the slowest EOLs.

A household receiving download speeds of 5Mb or less will:

  • Struggle to enjoy the latest media: streaming services, online gaming and so on. Download speed can be so sluggish that people may even struggle to stream music.
  • Have issues with online backups like Google Drive, Dropbox and iCloud. Slow speeds can make a computer that's working from the cloud almost unusable
  • Deal with laggy, frozen video calls on Skype, WhatsApp, Messenger and Facetime.

It's clear that being on an exchange-only broadband line can be a significant drawback for participation in modern life.

With that in mind, how is the issue being tackled?


What is being done to improve services for exchange-only broadband household?

Under a plan that Openreach calls "network rearrangement" customers with exchange-only lines may eventually have a fibre-enabled cabinet installed between the exchange and their property.

So far, a few of these have been installed (Openreach provides no definitive figures).

This, unfortunately, isn't a solution that's likely to be put in place for exchange-only lines that are isolated or a long distance from the exchange, or both.

However, with Openreach planning to stop sales of copper broadband as they transform some exchanges and close others in the move towards FTTP, exchanges may be adapted in this way.

The migration away from copper technology theoretically means that exchange-only broadband lines should become a thing of the past, but what can customers do in the meantime?

Can Government schemes help?

The universal service obligation (USO) that requires BT to provide broadband services of at least 10Mb has been active since March 2020.

However, the USO has limits that include a £3,400 price cap for connections. Some EOLs might exceed this cap, even though BT has changed its approach to take into consideration multiple applications from neighbours and communities.

There was also a Better Broadband scheme active in the UK to help rural homes reach speeds of 2Mb, but this was scrapped in 2019 as faster speeds under the USO became the priority.

Fibre Community Partnership scheme

The Fibre Community Partnership (FCP) scheme is designed to help customers in rural areas get connected to ultrafast broadband.

It uses either voucher funding or community funding to get the work done, with some areas utilising a combination of these funding sources.

FCPs are available to areas where full-fibre rollouts are not yet on the agenda, and it requires a good deal of community support to get one off the ground.

At the time of writing, Openreach's FCP portal is closed to new applicants as the company deals with the backlog of outstanding installations.

Mobile broadband

Mobile broadband for the home is now becoming a viable alternative to fixed line broadband connections.

We've progressed from providers offering 4G as a home broadband option to 5G mobile broadband for the home with speeds exceeding what many homes can get on a FTTC broadband connection.

So, for customers on an exchange-only broadband line, it's worth looking seriously at whether mobile broadband is a useful alternative, cutting out the broadband cables entirely and relying on mobile signals instead.


Types of fibre broadband

There are several names for the products that use fibre optic cabling to greatly improve speeds. These products all come with acronyms that combine to create a telephonic alphabet soup.

Fibre broadband is delivered via several main methods.

Type of fibre broadband Also known as Top download speeds Percentage of UK coverage Future plans
Fibre to the cabinet (FTTC) Superfast fibre 80Mb Over 97%
G.fast 330Mb Around 11% Rollout currently paused as focus on FTTP
Virgin Media cable Cable internet, DOCSIS 3.1 1Gb Around 60%
Fibre to the Premises (FTTP) Fibre to the Home (FTTH), Full Fibre 10Gb Around 37% Expected to reach 85% coverage by 2025

The push in Government is to expand FTTP coverage as rapidly as possible, with smaller operators like Hyperoptic an important part of this and Virgin Media also committed to transforming their network gradually to full fibre technology.

Let's take a closer look at what all these technologies mean for customers.

Fibre to the cabinet (FTTC)

Fibre-to-the-cabinet is currently the main method of delivering high-speed broadband to homes and businesses.

Fibre optic cables connect the local exchange to green street cabinets. Traditional copper phone lines then complete the connection from the cabinet to individual properties.

The ultimate speed of each household's connection depends on the length of copper wire between the property and the street cabinet, but FTTC speeds are capped at around 80Mb, with 67Mb the typical advertised average.

G.fast (Openreach only)

G.fast is an upgrade to, rather than a replacement for, the existing Openreach network. It involves installing nodes in cabinets and distribution points.

Openreach were planning an extremely ambitious rollout of the hybrid tech (10million premises covered by 2020), but their focus on FTTP made them scale it back to around 5.7 million.

This rollout has now stalled at around 2.8 million and shows no sign of restarting.

Having a G.fast connection brings a home's potential download speeds up from 80Mb to around 300Mb. But there are downsides:

  • G.fast is only available to premises within 300-400m distance from the cabinet
  • If a premises does get G.fast, it's probably not going to get FTTP from Openreach (see below) any time soon

Virgin Media cable

Virgin Media is the biggest provider of 1Gb broadband speeds in the UK, having finished their switch-on of their upgraded technology in late 2021.

Their network reaches 15.7 million homes at the time of writing, so many customers will be able to access their broadband speeds of up to 1Gb, and they are a major reason so many people in the UK can access ultrafast broadband.

Virgin are also committed to further expanding their network as part of Project Lightning, with over 300,000 premises added in the last year.

Find out if Virgin Media's services are available in your area.

Fibre to the premises/home (FTTP/FTTH)

Fibre-to-the-premises connections use a fibre optic cable to connect the customer's home or business directly to the exchange. As an entire FTTP connection is formed of fibre optic cable, it can achieve far higher speeds than FTTC connections.

As of June 2022, 37% of the UK has access to a full fibre broadband connection.

While many of these homes will be part of Openreach's FTTP rollout, there are various other providers active in different parts of the country including:

Some full fibre providers specialise in certain locations, so it's worth finding out which UK broadband operators are active in your area.


Summary: Frustrating for some

Although only a minority of the UK is still on exchange-only lines, there are still many premises affected, and this can be a highly frustrating situation.

The impact becomes clear when browsing broadband-based forums: people on EOLs are increasingly impacted by their out-of-date internet, and they're angry about it.

With Openreach focused on racing to meet full fibre targets, many EOL customers may feel left behind, but the copper switch-off scheduled for later this decade brings opportunities for households stuck on old lines.

Customers on EOL lines might be able to improve their broadband speeds by:

  1. Contacting Openreach to ask if they're on an upgrade plan
  2. Making a request under the universal service obligation if speeds are below 10Mb
  3. Checking whether other full fibre broadband providers are active in the area or have rolled out services nearby
  4. Signing up to mobile broadband for the home as an alternative

Customers on exchange-only lines are often advised that there is nothing to do but wait.

However, for those in need of a speed boost quickly, mobile broadband for the home might be the best option, especially if 5G mobile services are available in your area.

Comments

Mike ware
5 May 2022

My 92 year old relative lives at BR3 3LX she and the whole street appear to be EOL. London is mainly EOL. Millions of businesses will be EOL. Profit over service. Maybe OPENREACH directors can get together and support pensioners who rely on the internet of things for there survival and protection (with monitoring solutions) instead of putting there heads in the sand. Going what problem. A green box at each exchange can be no harder than one on the street. A Really modern digital service Hmmm. Will I hear from anyone about solutions. No the public won't. OPENREACH a private money pit for public money. Maybe they could use the dark fibre network to part solve the issue.

Peter Rendell
2 July 2021

It's been almost 10 years now of frustration trying to get either Virgin Media or Openreach to supply fibre broadband to my premises rather than have to depend on ADSL 8-9Mb download and 800kb upload on an EOL to the exchange about 2km away. My house is in Bradley Stoke but I am apparently not viable for Virgin Media as my house is about 20mtrs away from their service and Openreach have not ventured here because Virgin Media serve the street, the 4 neighbouring houses are all on ADSL over their EOL service. I am rapidly loosing interest in the older standard FTTC provision and now want to move straight to FTTP/FTTH. I have a place in Spain where I asked to get internet provided, their normal offering is 1Gb fibre service but I opted for their minimum slowest/cheapest entry level service of 100Mb - installed quickly and is blisteringly fast and costs less then my ADSL in UK and Spain isn't known for cheap internet services. Just goes to show what a poor service one gets in UK. Worse that that there is no one I can find who I can complain to as all doors are shut and not accepting complaints about poor service or even giving out information as to when an improved service is scheduled for. Having 96.5% of the country covered for fibre services means not a lot for those on EOL services. I'll tell you what BT Openreach - just tie a fibre cable on to the end of the direct exchange line and pull it back through your underground system to the exchange so I have a fibre EOL - sorted!

Sharon Fisk
30 June 2021

We are about 200m from the exchange, the house at the bottom of the garden has fibre. Openreach even paid for a large crane to replace the pole when our tree fell in the wind and took the lines down. We have been offered a community partnership cost of £8.5k to get fibre to our exchange only 5 houses. So unfair

Marea Gurney
24 April 2021

I live in Bitchfield NG33 4DT. I am presently connected to the Ingoldsby exchange which is over 5km away, so have broadband of less than 5mbs. A green cabinet was installed a few yards away at the end of my road which has fiber offering speeds around 67mbs or higher. Unfortunately I am unable to be connected to this closer cabinet. At present the cabinet only has one person connected to it. I have to pay the same amount for my slow non fibre internet as someone receiving super fast fibre. I do not understand why it is not possible to connect me to the closer cabinet, so I can enjoy fibre broadband.

Jason Wright
24 March 2021

I've been checking random postcodes around my town (Boston, Lincs) and everywhere seems to have some sort of fibre. My street and the street opposite however are stuck on EO [exchange only] lines. Sure we are close to the exchange. I can see it from my house but postcodes I've checked postcodes that are even closer to the exchange get superfast fibre guaranteed stay fast 72Mb/s. How is this possible that just 2 roads are stuck on EO lines?

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